Medical Engineering & Physics
Volume 32, Issue 4 , Pages 349-355 , May 2010

A pilot evaluation of a neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) based methodology for the prevention of venous stasis during bed rest

  • Barry J. Broderick

      Affiliations

    • Electrical & Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering and Informatics, NUI Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
    • Bioelectronics Research Cluster, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, NUI Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author at: Electrical & Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering and Informatics, NUI Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland. Tel.: +353 91 493126.
  • ,
  • David E. O’Briain

      Affiliations

    • Department of Surgery, Clinical Science Institute, University College Hospital, Galway, Ireland
  • ,
  • Paul P. Breen

      Affiliations

    • Electrical & Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering and Informatics, NUI Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
    • Bioelectronics Research Cluster, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, NUI Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
  • ,
  • Stephen R. Kearns

      Affiliations

    • Department of Surgery, Clinical Science Institute, University College Hospital, Galway, Ireland
  • ,
  • Gearóid ÓLaighin

      Affiliations

    • Electrical & Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering and Informatics, NUI Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
    • Bioelectronics Research Cluster, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, NUI Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland

Received 9 July 2009 ,Revised 19 January 2010 ,Accepted 25 January 2010.

References 

  1. Arnold DM, Kahn SR, Shrier I. Missed opportunities for prevention of venous thromboembolism. Chest. 2001;120:1964–1971
  2. Geerts WH, Pineo GF, Heit JA, Bergqvist D, Lassen MR, Colwell CW, et al. Prevention of venous thromboembolism. Chest. 2004;126:338S–400S
  3. Le Sage S, McGee M, Emed JD. Knowledge of venous thromboembolism (VTE) prevention among hospitalized patients. J Vasc Nurs. 2008;26:109–117
  4. Goldhaber SZ, Visani L, De Rosa M. Acute pulmonary embolism: clinical outcomes in the international cooperative pulmonary embolism registry (icoper). Lancet. 1999;353:1386–1389
  5. Rosendaal F. Risk factors for venous thrombotic disease. Thromb Haemost. 1999;82:610–619
  6. Anderson FA, Wheeler HB, Goldberg RJ, Hosmer DW, Patwardhan NA, Jovanovic B, et al. A population-based perspective of the hospital incidence and case-fatality rates of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. The Worcester DVT study. Arch Intern Med. 1991;151:933–938
  7. Immelman EJ, Jeffery PC. The postphlebitic syndrome. Pathophysiology, prevention and management. Clin Chest Med. 1984;5:537–550
  8. Kahn SR, Ginsberg JS. The post-thrombotic syndrome: current knowledge, controversies, and directions for future research. Blood Rev. 2002;16:155–165
  9. Squizzato A, Venco A. Thromboprophylaxis in day surgery. Int J Surg. 2008;6(Suppl.):29–30
  10. MacLellan DG, Fletcher JP. Mechanical compression in the prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism. ANZ J Surg. 2007;77:418–423
  11. Agu O, Hamilton G, Baker D. Graduated compression stockings in the prevention of venous thromboembolism. Br J Surg. 1999;86:992–1004
  12. Stanton J, Freis E, Wilkins R. The acceleration of linear flow in the deep veins of the lower extremity of man by local compression. J Clin Invest. 1949;28:553–558
  13. Sigel B, Edelstein A, Felix W, Memhardt C. Compression of the deep venous system of the lower leg during inactive recumbency. Arch Surg. 1973;106:38–43
  14. Lewis C, Antoine J, Mueller C, Talbot W, Swaroop R, Edwards W. Elastic compression in the prevention of venous stasis. A critical reevaluation. Am J Surg. 1976;132:739
  15. Delis KT, Slimani G, Hafez HM, Nicolaides AN. Enhancing venous outflow in the lower limb with intermittent pneumatic compression. A comparative haemodynamic analysis on the effect of foot vs. calf vs. foot and calf compression. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2000;19:250–260
  16. Vanek V. Meta-analysis of effectiveness of intermittent pneumatic compression devices with a comparison of thigh-high to knee-high sleeves. Am Surg. 1998;64:1050–1058
  17. Urbankova J, Quiroz R, Goldhaber SZ. Intermittent pneumatic compression and deep vein thrombosis prevention in postoperative patients. Phlebology. 2006;21:19–22
  18. Morris RJ, Woodcock JP. Evidence-based compression: prevention of stasis and deep vein thrombosis. Ann Surg. 2004;239:162–171
  19. Bockheim HM, McAllen KJ, Baker R, Barletta JF. Mechanical prophylaxis to prevent venous thromboembolism in surgical patients: a prospective trial evaluating compliance. J Crit Care. 2009;24:192–196
  20. Froimson MI, Murray TG, Fazekas AF. Venous thromboembolic disease reduction with a portable pneumatic compression device. J Arthroplasty. 2009;24:310–316
  21. Faghri PD, Pompe Van Meerdervort HF, Glaser RM, Figoni SF. Electrical stimulation-induced contraction to reduce blood stasis during arthroplasty. IEEE Trans Rehab Eng. 1997;5:62–69
  22. Laverick MD, McGivern RC, Crone MD, Mollan RAB. A comparison of the effects of electrical calf muscle stimulation and the venous foot pump on venous blood flow in the lower leg. Phlebology. 1990;5:285–290
  23. Masri B, Dunlop D, McEwen J, Garbuz D, Duncan C. Can a new design of pneumatic compression device reduce variations in delivered therapy for the mechanical prophylaxis of thromboembolic disease after total hip arthroplasty?. Can J Surg. 2004;47:263–269
  24. Clarke Moloney M, Lyons GM, Breen P, Burke PE, Grace PA. Haemodynamic study examining the response of venous blood flow to electrical stimulation of the gastrocnemius muscle in patients with chronic venous disease. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2006;31:300–305
  25. Lyons GM, Leane GE, Grace PA. The effect of electrical stimulation of the calf muscle and compression stocking on venous blood flow velocity. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2002;23:564–566
  26. Breen PP, Corley GJ, O’Keeffe DT, Conway R, ÓLaighin G. A programmable and portable NMES device for drop foot correction and blood flow assist applications. Med Eng Phys. 2009;31:400–408
  27. Baker LL, McNeal DR, Benton LA, Bowman BR, Waters RL. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation—a practical guide. Downey, CA: Rancho Los Amigos Research and Education Institute; 1993;
  28. Reis FAd, Ribeiro EA, Carvalho PdTCd, Belchior ACG, Arakaki JC, Vasconcelos RAd. Analysis of the figure-of-eight method and volumetry reliability for ankle edema measurement. Rev Bras Med Esporte. 2004;10:468–471
  29. Binder-Macleod SA, Snyder-Mackler L. Muscle fatigue: clinical implications for fatigue assessment and neuromuscular electrical stimulation. Phys Ther. 1993;73:902–910
  30. Kesar T, Chou L-W, Binder-Macleod SA. Effects of stimulation frequency versus pulse duration modulation on muscle fatigue. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2008;18:662–671
  31. Edwards R. Human muscle function and fatigue. Ciba Found Symp. 1981;82:1–18
  32. Bohannon RW. Reference values for extremity muscle strength obtained by hand-held dynamometry from adults aged 20 to 79 years. Arch Phys Med Rehab. 1997;78:26–32
  33. Janssen TW, Hopman MT. Blood flow response to electrically induced twitch and tetanic lower-limb muscle contractions. Arch Phys Med Rehab. 2003;84:982–987
  34. Kelly A-M. The minimum clinically significant difference in visual analogue scale pain score does not differ with severity of pain. Emerg Med J. 2001;18:205–207
  35. Proctor MC, Greenfield LJ, Wakefield TW, Zajkowski PJ. A clinical comparison of pneumatic compression devices: the basis for selection. J Vasc Surg. 2001;34:459–464
  36. Cornwell E, Chang D, Velmahos G, Jindal A, Baker D, Phillips J, et al. Compliance with sequential compression device prophylaxis in at-risk trauma patients: a prospective analysis. Am Surg. 2002;68:470–473
  37. Walls RJ, McHugh G, Moyna NM, O’Byrne JM. Efficacy and compliance of a quadriceps femoris neuromuscular electrical stimulation program in subjects with severe knee osteoarthritis. J Bone Joint Surg [Br]. 2009;91-B(Suppl.):457
  38. Cotton LT, Clark C. Symposium on thrombosis: anatomical localization of venous thrombosis. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 1965;36:214–224

PII: S1350-4533(10)00008-1

doi: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2010.01.006

Medical Engineering & Physics
Volume 32, Issue 4 , Pages 349-355 , May 2010