Medical Engineering & Physics
Volume 32, Issue 2 , Pages 155-160 , March 2010

Compressive and tensile properties of articular cartilage in axial loading are modulated differently by osmotic environment

Received 7 October 2008 ,Revised 23 September 2009 ,Accepted 4 November 2009.

References 

  1. Akizuki S, Mow VC, Muller F, Pita JC, Howell DS, Manicourt DH. Tensile properties of human knee joint cartilage: I. Influence of ionic conditions, weight bearing, and fibrillation on the tensile modulus. J Orthop Res. 1986;4(4):379–392
  2. Bader DL, Kempson GE, Barrett AJ, Webb W. The effects of leucocyte elastase on the mechanical properties of adult human articular cartilage in tension. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1981;677(1):103–108
  3. Bader DL, Kempson GE, Egan J, Gilbey W, Barrett AJ. The effects of selective matrix degradation on the short-term compressive properties of adult human articular cartilage. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1992;1116(2):147–154
  4. Boskey A, Pleshko Camacho N. FT-IR imaging of native and tissue-engineered bone and cartilage. Biomaterials. 2007;28(15):2465–2478
  5. Buckley MR, Gleghorn JP, Bonassar LJ, Cohen I. Mapping the depth dependence of shear properties in articular cartilage. J Biomech. 2008;41(11):2430–2437
  6. Buckwalter JA, Mankin HJ. Articular cartilage. Part II: degeneration and osteoarthritis, repair, regeneration, and transplantation. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1997;79(4):612–632
  7. Buschmann MD, Grodzinsky AJ. A molecular model of proteoglycan-associated electrostatic forces in cartilage mechanics. J Biomech Eng. 1995;117(2):179–192
  8. Charlebois M, McKee MD, Buschmann MD. Nonlinear tensile properties of bovine articular cartilage and their variation with age and depth. J Biomech Eng. 2004;126(2):129–137
  9. Chen SS, Falcovitz YH, Schneiderman R, Maroudas A, Sah RL. Depth-dependent compressive properties of normal aged human femoral head articular cartilage: relationship to fixed charge density. Osteoarthritis Cartil. 2001;9(6):561–569
  10. Eisenberg SR, Grodzinsky AJ. Swelling of articular cartilage and other connective tissues: electromechanochemical forces. J Orthop Res. 1985;3(2):148–159
  11. Elliott DM, Narmoneva DA, Setton LA. Direct measurement of the Poisson's ratio of human patella cartilage in tension. J Biomech Eng. 2002;124(2):223–228
  12. Flahiff C, Narmoneva D, Huebner J, Kraus V, Guilak F, Setton L. Osmotic loading to determine the intrinsic material properties of guinea pig knee cartilage. J Biomech. 2002;35(9):1285–1290
  13. Grodzinsky AJ, Roth V, Myers E, Grossman WD, Mow VC. The significance of electromechanical and osmotic forces in the nonequilibrium swelling behavior of articular cartilage in tension. J Biomech Eng. 1981;103(4):221–231
  14. Huang CY, Soltz MA, Kopacz M, Mow VC, Ateshian GA. Experimental verification of the roles of intrinsic matrix viscoelasticity and tension-compression nonlinearity in the biphasic response of cartilage. J Biomech Eng. 2003;125(1):84–93
  15. Huyghe JM, Janssen JD. Quadriphasic theory of swelling incompressible porous media. Int J Eng Sci. 1997;35:793–802
  16. Julkunen P, Kiviranta P, Wilson W, Jurvelin JS, Korhonen RK. Characterization of articular cartilage by combining microscopic analysis with a fibril-reinforced finite element model. J Biomech. 2007;40(8):1862–1870
  17. Jurvelin JS, Buschmann MD, Hunziker EB. Mechanical anisotropy of the human knee articular cartilage in compression. Proc Inst Mech Eng [H]. 2003;217(3):215–219
  18. Jurvelin JS, Buschmann MD, Hunziker EB. Optical and mechanical determination of Poisson's ratio of adult bovine humeral articular cartilage. J Biomech. 1997;30(3):235–241
  19. Korhonen RK, Laasanen MS, Toyras J, Lappalainen R, Helminen HJ, Jurvelin JS. Fibril reinforced poroelastic model predicts specifically mechanical behavior of normal, proteoglycan depleted and collagen degraded articular cartilage. J Biomech. 2003;36(9):1373–1379
  20. Korhonen RK, Laasanen MS, Töyräs J, Helminen HJ, Jurvelin JS. Comparison of the equilibrium response of articular cartilage in unconfined compression, confined compression and indentation. J Biomech. 2002;35(7):903–909
  21. Laasanen MS, Toyras J, Korhonen RK, Rieppo J, Saarakkala S, Nieminen MT, et al. Biomechanical properties of knee articular cartilage. Biorheology. 2003;40(1–3):133–140
  22. Lai WM, Hou JS, Mow VC. A triphasic theory for the swelling and deformation behaviors of articular cartilage. J Biomech Eng. 1991;113(3):245–258
  23. Li LP, Buschmann MD, Shirazi-Adl A. A fibril reinforced nonhomogeneous poroelastic model for articular cartilage: inhomogeneous response in unconfined compression. J Biomech. 2000;33(12):1533–1541
  24. Li LP, Herzog W. The role of viscoelasticity of collagen fibers in articular cartilage: theory and numerical formulation. Biorheology. 2004;41(3–4):181–194
  25. Li LP, Herzog W, Korhonen RK, Jurvelin JS. The role of viscoelasticity of collagen fibers in articular cartilage: axial tension versus compression. Med Eng Phys. 2005;27(1):51–57
  26. Li LP, Soulhat J, Buschmann MD, Shirazi-Adl A. Nonlinear analysis of cartilage in unconfined ramp compression using a fibril reinforced poroelastic model. Clin Biomech. 1999;14(9):673–682
  27. Maroudas A. Physicochemical properties of cartilage in the light of ion exchange theory. Biophys J. 1968;8(5):575–595
  28. Mow VC, Fithian DC, Kelly MA. Fundamentals of articular cartilage and meniscus biomechanics. In:  Ewing JW editors. Articular Cartilage and Knee Joint Function: Basic Science and Arthroscopy. New York: Raven Press Ltd; 1990;p. 1–18
  29. Mow VC, Guo XE. Mechano-electrochemical properties of articular cartilage: Their inhomogeneities and anisotropies. Annu Rev Biomed Eng. 2002;4:175–209
  30. Mow VC, Kuei SC, Lai WM, Armstrong CG. Biphasic creep and stress relaxation of articular cartilage in compression: theory and experiments. J Biomech Eng. 1980;102(1):73–84
  31. Mow VC, Ratcliffe A, Poole AR. Cartilage and diarthrodial joints as paradigms for hierarchical materials and structures. Biomaterials. 1992;13(2):67–97
  32. Muir H. Molecular approach to the understanding of osteoarthrosis. Ann Rheum Dis. 1977;36(3):199–208
  33. Muir H. Proteoglycans as organizers of the intercellular matrix. Biochem Soc Trans. 1983;11(6):613–622
  34. Narmoneva DA, Wang JY, Setton LA. Nonuniform swelling-induced residual strains in articular cartilage. J Biomech. 1999;32(4):401–408
  35. Park S, Krishnan R, Nicoll SB, Ateshian GA. Cartilage interstitial fluid load support in unconfined compression. J Biomech. 2003;36(12):1785–1796
  36. Rieppo J, Hyttinen MM, Jurvelin JS, Helminen HJ. Reference sample method reduces the error caused by variable cryosection thickness in Fourier transform infrared imaging. Appl Spectrosc. 2004;58(1):137–140
  37. Rieppo J, Toyras J, Nieminen MT, Kovanen V, Hyttinen MM, Korhonen RK, et al. Structure–function relationships in enzymatically modified articular cartilage. Cells Tiss Organs. 2003;175(3):121–132
  38. Roth V, Mow VC. The intrinsic tensile behavior of the matrix of bovine articular cartilage and its variation with age. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1980;62(7):1102–1117
  39. Saarakkala S, Julkunen P, Kiviranta P, Mäkitalo J, Jurvelin JS, Korhonen RK. Depth-wise progression of osteoarthritis in human articular cartilage: investigation of composition, structure and biomechanics. Osteoarthritis Cartil, in press, doi:10.1016/j.joca.2009.08.003.
  40. Schinagl RM, Gurskis D, Chen AC, Sah RL. Depth-dependent confined compression modulus of full-thickness bovine articular cartilage. J Orthop Res. 1997;15(4):499–506
  41. Schmidt MB, Mow VC, Chun LE, Eyre DR. Effects of proteoglycan extraction on the tensile behavior of articular cartilage. J Orthop Res. 1990;8(3):353–363
  42. Shirazi R, Shirazi-Adl A. Analysis of articular cartilage as a composite using nonlinear membrane elements for collagen fibrils. Med Eng Phys. 2005;27(10):827–835
  43. Soltz MA, Ateshian GA. A conewise linear elasticity mixture model for the analysis of tension–compression nonlinearity in articular cartilage. J Biomech Eng. 2000;122(6):576–586
  44. Soulhat J, Buschmann MD, Shirazi-Adl A. A fibril-network-reinforced biphasic model of cartilage in unconfined compression. J Biomech Eng. 1999;121(3):340–347
  45. Tohyama H, Gu W, Setton LA, Lai WM, Mow VC. Ion-induced swelling behaviors of articular cartilage in tension. Trans Orthop Res Soc. 1995;20:702
  46. Williamson AK, Chen AC, Masuda K, Thonar EJ, Sah RL. Tensile mechanical properties of bovine articular cartilage: variations with growth and relationships to collagen network components. J Orthop Res. 2003;21(5):872–880
  47. Wilson W, van Donkelaar CC, van Rietbergen B, Huiskes R. A fibril-reinforced poroviscoelastic swelling model for articular cartilage. J Biomech. 2005;38(6):1195–1204
  48. Wilson W, van Donkelaar CC, van Rietbergen B, Ito K, Huiskes R. Stresses in the local collagen network of articular cartilage: a poroviscoelastic fibril-reinforced finite element study. J Biomech. 2004;37(3):357–366

PII: S1350-4533(09)00236-7

doi: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2009.11.004

Medical Engineering & Physics
Volume 32, Issue 2 , Pages 155-160 , March 2010